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§ I · Domain IAM · Control 4 of 8
Control
IAM-04
Edition
v.1.3
Status
Public review

IAM · Identity, Access & Authorization

IAM-04Action attribution in logs

Audit logs clearly distinguish actions taken by an agent from actions taken by a human user, with attribution to both the agent identity and, where applicable, the user on whose behalf it acted.

Downstream systems' audit logs are sufficient to answer 'which agent performed this action' for every agent action, and where the agent acts on behalf of a user, 'on whose behalf.' The attribution survives token rotation, intermediate proxies, and cross-system handoffs. Without clean attribution, incident investigation and access-control auditing are impossible.

Table IAM-04.1 · Maturity criteria · v.1.3

L1 to L5 · the lowest level in scope caps the agent
L1Ad hoc

Controls exist informally; documentation is incomplete; no consistent review.

L2Documented

Controls are written down; ownership is assigned; review cadence is defined.

L3Operated

Controls are followed in practice; evidence is collected; deviations are tracked.

Audit logs for all systems the agent interacts with attribute actions to the agent identity; sampling-based verification confirms attribution survives cross-system handoffs; attribution is tested after credential rotation events.

L4Measured

Control effectiveness is measured against documented thresholds; trends are reported.

L5Continuously Improved

Controls evolve based on incident learning; maturity gains are evidenced over time.

The v1.3 edition publishes a control-specific criterion at L3 (Operated). The other levels apply the general ladder to this control; see the maturity ladder.

Evidence an assessor asks for

  1. E.1

    Audit logs for all systems the agent interacts with attribute actions to the agent identity.

  2. E.2

    Sampling-based verification confirms attribution survives cross-system handoffs.

  3. E.3

    Attribution is tested after credential rotation events.

Table IAM-04.2 · Framework mappings

4 of 7 frameworks carry a control-level reference
NIST AI RMF·NIST AI Risk Management Framework 1.0
ISO/IEC 42001A.7.4ISO/IEC 42001:2023 · Artificial intelligence management system
OWASP LLM Top 10·OWASP Top 10 for Large Language Model Applications
SOC 2 (TSC)CC6.1, CC7.2AICPA Trust Services Criteria for SOC 2 Type II
EU AI ActArt. 15(2)EU AI Act · Regulation (EU) 2024/1689
MITRE ATLAS·MITRE ATLAS · Adversarial Threat Landscape for AI Systems
SingaporeAI Verify SecuritySingapore Model AI Governance Framework / AI Verify / PDPA

Mappings are directional: meeting this control evidences but does not by itself satisfy the external requirement. A middle dot means no control-level reference is published at this edition; see the crosswalk.

Related controls and terms

Cite this control

Human Intelligence. HI-AAF v1.3, IAM-04 Action attribution in logs. Public review edition, July 2026. https://humanintel.net/standard/iam/iam-04

Edition v.1.3 · July 2026 · Public review · Markdown · PDF

https://humanintel.net/standard/iam/iam-04

Notice

HI-AAF v1.3 is an independent framework published by Human Intelligence. It is not affiliated with NIST, ISO, AICPA, or any government or accreditation body. The framework is offered openly for review during the current draft cycle.